1.

Children reach half their adult height by age:

A)

2 years.

B)

3 years.

C)

4 years.

D)

6 years.

2.

An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from many individuals within a specific group or population is known as a:

A)

normal score.

B)

standard deviation.

C)

percentile.

D)

norm.

3.

If a child's weight is in the 50th percentile this means that:

A)

50 percent of his cohorts weigh less than he does.

B)

he weighs 50 percent more than his cohorts.

C)

50 percent of his cohorts weigh the same as he does.

D)

his cohorts weigh 50 percent more than he does.

4.

You take your 6-month-old son to the doctor for a well-baby visit. The doctor says that your son's weight is in the 20th percentile. What does this mean?

A)

He is large for his age.

B)

He is not growing properly.

C)

He is small relative to other 6-month-olds.

D)

He is undernourished.

5.

A typical newborn will sleep about:

A)

10 hours a day.

B)

13 hours a day.

C)

17 hours a day.

D)

20 hours a day.

6.

Abby, age 2, awakens frequently throughout the night. Which of the following is true?

A)

It is common for children under the age of 3 years to awaken frequently during the night.

B)

Abby is at high risk for SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome.

C)

Abby's frequent awakenings may be a sign of physical or psychological problems now, but she will most likely grow out of the problem.

D)

Abby's frequent awakenings may be a sign of physical or psychological problems now, and her sleep deprivation can cause long-term health problems.

7.

Which of the following is a reason why first-born children have more sleep difficulties than later-born children?

A)

because of hormonal differences between first pregnancies and later pregnancies

B)

because first-born children are more likely to be male and male children have more sleep difficulties than female children

C)

because parents tend to be more vigilant with their first-born children

D)

because first-born children are more likely to be fed cow's milk than are later-born children

8.

A basic nerve cell in the central nervous system is called a(n):

A)

frontal cell.

B)

axon.

C)

dendrite.

D)

neuron.

9.

The frontal areas of the cortex:

A)

are responsible for visual functions.

B)

help us understand spoken words.

C)

assist with self-control.

D)

are well-developed in newborns.

10.

Brain weight increases by 300 percent in the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of:

A)

axons.

B)

dendrites.

C)

neurons.

D)

synapses.

11.

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses and is the last part of the brain to mature is the:

A)

prefrontal cortex.

B)

parietal cortex.

C)

temporal cortex.

D)

striate cortex.

12.

Assume that an abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying because of which of the following mechanisms?

A)

The infant is so startled by the shaking that she can't cry.

B)

Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break.

C)

Experience-dependent learning has taught her to stop crying.

D)

The infant's airway is damaged by the shaking.

13.

Approximately how many children were hospitalized because of shaken baby syndrome in the U.S. in 2004?

A)

one in five

B)

two in five

C)

one in ten

D)

one in fifteen

14.

Trent is an infant who lacks many of the new toys and videos that promote brain development. He spends much of his day in a playpen with kitchen items for toys, listening to his grandmother sing while his mother works outside the home. Given his situation, Trent's brain development will most likely:

A)

be extremely impaired due to his limited environment.

B)

be somewhat impaired due to his limited environment.

C)

proceed normally due to the self-righting tendency.

D)

flourish due to the self-excelling tendency.

15.

Which of the following is a basic rule-of-thumb for brain development?

A)

Mammalian brains that are exposed to normal day-to-day routines will develop more normally than brains exposed to extraordinarily rich environments.

B)

Mammalian brains that are exposed to diverse and rich experience will be heavier and more fully developed than brains exposed to impoverished environments.

C)

Mammalian brains are very dependent upon routine to develop normally.

D)

Mammalian brains that are exposed to diverse and rich experience will be slower to develop than brains exposed to impoverished environments.

16.

The process that is involved when a sensory system first detects an external stimulus is:

A)

perception.

B)

sensation.

C)

interpretation.

D)

cognition.

17.

Infants attend particularly to:

A)

loud noises.

B)

soft music.

C)

white noise.

D)

voices.

18.

Gross motor skills are defined by:

A)

head motions.

B)

fine, or small, movements.

C)

large movements.

D)

feet motions.

19.

Most infants are able to inch forward on their bellies by age:

A)

4 to 6 months.

B)

6 to 8 months.

C)

8 to 10 months.

D)

10 to 12 months.

20.

Renee is concerned because her son is 13 months old and is starting to walk, but he never learned to crawl. What advice would you give to Renee?

A)

She should not be concerned because not all babies crawl.

B)

She should not let her son continue to walk until he has learned to crawl.

C)

She should see her pediatrician because this may be a sign of a learning deficit.

D)

She should wait another month or so to see if he crawls and walks at the same time.

21.

Most babies learn to grab and hold onto objects by about:

A)

2 months.

B)

4 months.

C)

6 months.

D)

8 months.

22.

Louise wants to know when her baby boy will develop various skills. The answer depends on:

A)

his genetic programming.

B)

the home environment.

C)

the interaction between genes and environment.

D)

his father's involvement.

23.

Approximately ______ children were born between the years 1950 and 2010, according to the text.

A)

4 billion

B)

5 billion

C)

6 billion

D)

10 billion

24.

The production of antibodies is stimulated by:

A)

pruning.

B)

immunization.

C)

head-sparing.

D)

allergies.

25.

One of the newest vaccines is aimed at a disease which has killed 500,000 children a year, worldwide. The primary symptom of the disease is severe diarrhea. What is the disease?

A)

smallpox

B)

polio

C)

rotovirus infection

D)

chickenpox

26.

A fetus whose mother contracts ______ may be born blind, deaf, and brain-damaged.

A)

mumps

B)

measles

C)

rubella

D)

chicken pox

27.

More than _______ children in developing nations die each year because vaccinations for the diseases they die of are not yet available.

A)

500,000

B)

50,000

C)

100,000

D)

1,000,000

28.

Studies comparing breast-feeding with bottle-feeding show that:

A)

breast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomachaches.

B)

breast-feeding is recommended for all mothers and babies.

C)

scientific improvements make bottle-feeding a better choice.

D)

breast-feeding should stop when the baby gets the first tooth.

29.

Which of the following is necessary to prevent the development of rickets?

A)

colostrum

B)

adequate amounts of vitamin D

C)

adequate amounts of vitamin C

D)

adequate sleep

30.

Unusual swelling of a toddler's face and abdomen and thin, colorless hair are symptoms of:

A)

kwashiorkor.

B)

marasmus.

C)

rickets.

D)

hypoglycemia.