1.

The Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners and that early learning is based on sensory and motor skills was:

A)

Noam Chomsky.

B)

Eleanor Gibson.

C)

Sigmund Freud.

D)

Jean Piaget.

2.

The first two stages of sensorimotor thought involve:

A)

creative actions.

B)

creative thoughts.

C)

objects and people.

D)

the infant's own body.

3.

Once infants begin to interpret their perceptions through the process of adaptation, they are:

A)

responding.

B)

anticipating.

C)

acquiring.

D)

thinking.

4.

During sensorimotor stage two, an infant:

A)

begins to understand object permanence.

B)

learns to talk.

C)

experiments with toys and animals.

D)

begins to adapt reflexes to the environment.

5.

In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants become aware of things and respond to people and objects?

A)

stage one

B)

stage two

C)

stage three

D)

stage four

6.

In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants adapt, anticipate, and become more deliberate in responding to people and objects?

A)

stage one

B)

stage two

C)

stage three

D)

stage four

7.

Twenty-month-old Hans is thinking carefully before pulling a pot out of the kitchen cupboard, because the last time he did this all of the pans fell out and made a loud crashing sound. In which of the following behaviors is Hans engaging?

A)

acquired adaptation

B)

making interesting sights last

C)

active experimentation

D)

making mental combinations

8.

You are holding your 9-month-old son on your lap. You pluck a dandelion that has gone to seed out of the grass and blow the seeds into the air. Your son is fascinated by the flying seeds and reaches out to grab them. This is an example of which of the following?

A)

reflexive circular reactions

B)

primary circular reactions

C)

tertiary circular reactions

D)

secondary circular reactions

9.

Which of the following capabilities is listed in the text as an example of where a baby's goal-directed behavior comes from?

A)

enhanced awareness of cause and effect

B)

memory for actions already completed

C)

understanding of other people's intentions

D)

All of the answers are correct.

10.

A particular stage-four baby does not like to get wet. If his mother turned on the faucet and got out his bath towel, the baby might:

A)

be curious about the water.

B)

howl and move away from her and the bathroom.

C)

take the towel and throw it in the bathtub.

D)

bring a rubber duck and want to give it a bath.

11.

The scientific method used by an infant in stage five is:

A)

trial and error.

B)

considered anticipation of results.

C)

theoretical.

D)

behavioral conditioning.

12.

When infants observe others' actions and then imitate them at a later time, they have exhibited:

A)

observational reconstruction.

B)

a secondary circular reaction.

C)

object permanence.

D)

deferred imitation.

13.

A technique that measures electrical activity in the cortex of the brain is a(n):

A)

ECG.

B)

EEG.

C)

MRI.

D)

PET scan.

14.

Sally has a favorite stuffed toy. Sometimes she just looks at it, sometimes she will suck on its ear, and sometimes she will lie on it as if it were a pillow. These behaviors demonstrate the information-processing concept of:

A)

allowances.

B)

perception.

C)

affordances.

D)

habituation.

15.

An infant's reaction to the visual cliff is supposed to measure her:

A)

locomotion.

B)

perceptual constancy.

C)

culture.

D)

depth perception.

16.

Baby Genevieve has many colorful toys and books to look at but her very favorite sight is her big brother's face. She is demonstrating the universal principle of infant perception called:

A)

sibling perception.

B)

people preference.

C)

familial vision.

D)

binocular bonding.

17.

Verbal skills are necessary for which type of memory?

A)

implicit

B)

short-term

C)

motor

D)

explicit

18.

Children all over the world usually:

A)

follow the same timing in the development of language.

B)

understand sounds only from their native language.

C)

fail to discriminate the sound of the human voice from other sounds.

D)

follow the same sequence of language development.

19.

At approximately what age will a child begin to utter her first two-word sentences?

A)

10–12 months

B)

6–10 months

C)

18 months

D)

21 months

20.

The usual order of the development of spoken language is:

A)

cooing, babbling, reflexes, spoken words.

B)

reflexes, cooing, babbling, spoken words.

C)

babbling, cooing, spoken words, reflexes.

D)

cooing, reflexes, babbling, spoken words.

21.

Elaine communicates with her new baby in child-directed speech also known as:

A)

motherese.

B)

echolalia.

C)

holophrastic speech.

D)

telegraphic speech.

22.

Research has found that “baby talk” is:

A)

confined to females; males do not use it.

B)

characterized by a high pitch, simple vocabulary, and short sentences.

C)

unique to English-speaking parents.

D)

characterized by a lower pitch and use of nonsense words.

23.

Which of the following statements is true regarding babbling?

A)

Hearing babies will begin to babble at around 6–9 months of age, while deaf babies begin to babble much earlier.

B)

Babbling follows baby talk in the normal sequence of language development for all children.

C)

All babies will babble at around 6–9 months of age regardless of native language, hearing, or deafness.

D)

Babbling is found primarily in languages that have their roots in Latin. Children of Asian birth do not babble.

24.

As infants acquire language, they say more ______ than any other parts of speech.

A)

nouns

B)

verbs

C)

pronouns

D)

adjectives

25.

The theorist who believed that children learn language when they are reinforced by parental attention was:

A)

Jean Piaget.

B)

B. F. Skinner.

C)

Noam Chomsky.

D)

Lev Vygotsky.

26.

By 10 months of age, Alan has a vocabulary of a dozen words. B. F. Skinner would have attributed Alan's rapid speech development mainly to his:

A)

unusually high I.Q.

B)

unusual language-acquisition talent.

C)

parents' talking to him frequently.

D)

rapid physical development.

27.

According to Chomsky's theory of language acquisition:

A)

children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.

B)

children have an inborn ability to learn language.

C)

the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.

D)

language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.

28.

The language acquisition device (LAD) was proposed by Chomsky to explain:

A)

vocabulary spurts.

B)

the difference between surface structure and deep structure.

C)

the universal inborn ability to learn language.

D)

the systematic differences among languages.