1.

An angry 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed:

A)

social referencing.

B)

self-esteem.

C)

identification.

D)

emotional regulation.

2.

Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called:

A)

initiative versus guilt.

B)

phallic pride versus penis envy.

C)

the preoperational stage.

D)

autonomy versus inferiority.

3.

The presence of imaginary friends positively correlates with an increase in:

A)

shame.

B)

extrinsic motivation.

C)

intrinsic motivation.

D)

initiative.

4.

When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of:

A)

an internalizing problem.

B)

an externalizing problem.

C)

modulated emotional expression.

D)

frustration management.

5.

Excessive guilt, shame, or sense of worthlessness constitutes which of the following?

A)

extrinsic motivations

B)

intrinsic motivations

C)

internalizing problems

D)

externalizing problems

6.

Billy and Rodney are both building toys out of Legos, but they are sitting apart, each with their own set of blocks. What type of play is this?

A)

cooperative play

B)

parallel play

C)

collective play

D)

solitary play

7.

When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting pattern is:

A)

tyrannical.

B)

authoritative.

C)

dictatorial.

D)

authoritarian.

8.

Jose is very warm and nurturing of his children. He loves them very much and does not believe in punishment of any sort. Which type of parent is Jose?

A)

authoritarian

B)

authoritative

C)

neglecting

D)

permissive

9.

Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are:

A)

abusive.

B)

overcontrolling.

C)

authoritarian.

D)

permissive.

10.

The child most likely to have permissive parents is:

A)

Richard, who is obedient but not very happy.

B)

George, who is happy and successful.

C)

Paul, who is unhappy and lacks self-control.

D)

Peter, who is generous, but a drug user.

11.

Which of the following is a criticism of Baumrind's classification of parenting styles?

A)

She overlooked the fact that most authoritative parents are lax in discipline.

B)

She overlooked the fact that many permissive parents love their children.

C)

There was too much diversity in her study samples.

D)

She focused too much on parental attitudes and not enough on daily interactions.

12.

In the United States, about how many hours per day does the typical child aged 2 to 4 spend watching television or using electronic media?

A)

less than one

B)

about two

C)

three

D)

more than eight

13.

An example of antisocial behavior is:

A)

Jamie tries to share his toys with Jill.

B)

Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks.

C)

Holly watches while other children are playing jump rope.

D)

Courtney helps her mom rake the leaves.

14.

Joey fell from his tricycle and skinned his knee. He began to cry and his friend, Andre, also started to cry after watching him fall. Applying research with mirror neurons to this situation, we might say that:

A)

Andre's brain was activated to feel sorry for Joey.

B)

Andre's brain was activated to feel Joey's pain.

C)

Andre's emotional regulation was disturbed by Joey's fall.

D)

Andre's sense of friendship prompted him to feel miserable.

15.

Compared with other cultures, North American families of preschool children:

A)

blame themselves for a child's misbehavior.

B)

use reasoning and disappointment to punish a child's misbehavior.

C)

use the discipline technique of time-out most often to deal with a child's misbehavior.

D)

remove children's playthings to punish a child's misbehavior.

16.

When is time-out an effective discipline strategy?

A)

when the child is less than 2

B)

once the child can use words to express emotions

C)

if the child prefers to be with other people

D)

if the child is over 8 years old

17.

Freud would say that a typical 5-year-old is in the:

A)

latency stage.

B)

phallic stage.

C)

genital stage.

D)

superego stage.

18.

In Freudian theory, when a little boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother and becomes jealous of his father, this is called:

A)

the Electra complex.

B)

penis envy.

C)

the Oedipus complex.

D)

identification.

19.

Freud's term for our self-critical conscience that internalizes parental morals is:

A)

identification.

B)

superego.

C)

ego.

D)

schema.

20.

Angelica is 3 years old and says frequently that she wants to “marry daddy.” According to psychoanalytic theory, this is a manifestation of:

A)

the Oedipus complex.

B)

sexual abuse.

C)

the ego.

D)

the Electra complex.

21.

According to Freud, little boys cope with the guilt of wanting to kill their fathers by:

A)

wanting to kill themselves.

B)

identifying with their father.

C)

becoming angry with their father.

D)

becoming envious of their father's penis.

22.

Theorists who focus on children's understanding as opposed to observable behavior are:

A)

sociocultural theorists.

B)

psychoanalytic theorists.

C)

behavioral theorists.

D)

cognitive theorists.